What primarily protects infrastructure from water damage?

Proper drainage design is crucial for protecting infrastructure from water damage because it ensures that stormwater and other excess water are effectively redirected away from buildings, roads, and other structures. When drainage systems are designed and implemented correctly, they can minimize the risk of flooding, erosion, and water accumulation, which can lead to significant structural damage over time. A well-designed drainage system typically includes features such as gutters, drains, retention basins, and grading techniques that channel water away from vulnerable areas.

While well-defined land plots can help organize space and prevent construction in flood-prone areas, they do not actively manage water movement. Metallic structures may provide durability but do not inherently prevent water damage if water is not properly managed. Excessive landscaping can sometimes exacerbate drainage issues by obstructing water flow or trapping moisture against structures. Thus, proper drainage design stands out as the key element that directly mitigates the risk of water damage to infrastructure.